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:bulb: This post covers the basics of the tmux terminal multiplexer — session management, screen splitting, and key bindings.

[01] What Is tmux?

tmux (terminal multiplexer) is a tool that lets you run multiple sessions, windows, and panes simultaneously within a single terminal. Sessions persist even if your SSH connection drops, making it especially useful for long-running work on remote servers.

Concept Description
Session tmux’s top-level unit. An independent workspace. Can be named for easy management
Window A tab within a session. You can create multiple and switch between them
Pane An individual terminal region created by splitting a window

All tmux shortcuts are entered by first pressing the Prefix key (Ctrl + b), then the next key.

:bulb: Press Ctrl + b, release, then press the next key. They are not pressed simultaneously.

[02] Installation



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# Ubuntu / Debian
sudo apt install tmux

# macOS (Homebrew)
brew install tmux

Check version:



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tmux -V

Example output:



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tmux 3.3a

[03] Creating and Managing Sessions

3-1. Creating a New Session

(A) Without a name



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tmux





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tmux new -s mywork

Example output (status bar at the bottom):



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[mywork] 0:bash*                                         "hostname" 10:00 06-Mar-26

The session name [mywork] is shown on the left side of the status bar.

Option details:

Command Description
tmux new Create a new session (short for new-session)
-s mywork Set the session name to mywork

3-2. Detaching from a Session

This sends the session to the background without terminating it. Even if the SSH connection drops, the session keeps running on the server.



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Ctrl + b → d

Example output:



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[detached (from session mywork)]

3-3. Listing Sessions



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tmux ls

Example output:



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mywork: 1 windows (created Thu Mar  6 10:00:00 2026)
deploy: 2 windows (created Thu Mar  6 09:30:00 2026)

3-4. Reattaching to a Session



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# Attach by name
tmux attach -t mywork

# Short form
tmux a -t mywork

# If there's only one session, you can omit the name
tmux a

Example output (status bar after attaching):



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[mywork] 0:bash*                                         "hostname" 10:05 06-Mar-26

Option details:

Command Description
tmux attach Reattach to a session (short for attach-session)
-t mywork Specify the session name to attach to

3-5. Terminating a Session



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# Exit from within the session
exit

# Kill a specific session from outside
tmux kill-session -t mywork

# Kill all sessions
tmux kill-server

3-6. Session Shortcut Summary

Shortcut Description
Ctrl + b → d Detach from current session (session remains)
Ctrl + b → s View and switch session list
Ctrl + b → $ Rename the current session

[04] Screen Splitting (Pane)

4-1. Splitting the Screen



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# Vertical split (left/right)
Ctrl + b → %

# Horizontal split (top/bottom)
Ctrl + b → "

Split examples:



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┌─────────────┬─────────────┐
│             │             │  ← Ctrl+b % (left/right split)
│   pane 0    │   pane 1    │
│             │             │
└─────────────┴─────────────┘

┌─────────────────────────────┐
│          pane 0             │  ← Ctrl+b " (top/bottom split)
├─────────────────────────────┤
│          pane 1             │
└─────────────────────────────┘

4-2. Moving Between Panes

Using arrow keys



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Ctrl + b → ↑ / ↓ / ← / →

Sequential navigation (next/previous pane)



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Ctrl + b → o       # Move to the next pane
Ctrl + b → ;       # Move to the previously used pane

Jump by pane number



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Ctrl + b → q       # Display pane numbers

Example output (numbers briefly appear on screen):



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┌─────────────┬─────────────┐
│             │             │
│      0      │      1      │
│             │             │
└─────────────┴─────────────┘

While the numbers are visible, press the corresponding number key to jump to that pane.



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Ctrl + b → q → 1   # Jump to pane 1

4-3. Resizing Panes

After pressing the prefix, hold an arrow key to move pane boundaries.



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Ctrl + b → Alt + ↑ / ↓ / ← / →

Alternatively, you can use the following after the prefix:



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Ctrl + b → :resize-pane -D 5   # Shrink down by 5 cells
Ctrl + b → :resize-pane -U 5   # Expand up by 5 cells
Ctrl + b → :resize-pane -L 5   # Shrink left by 5 cells
Ctrl + b → :resize-pane -R 5   # Expand right by 5 cells

4-4. Closing a Pane



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# Exit the shell inside the pane
exit

# Or use the shortcut
Ctrl + b → x    # Close current pane (confirmation prompt appears)

Example output (confirmation prompt):



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kill pane mywork:0.1? (y/n)

Press y to close the pane.

4-5. Cycling Through Pane Layouts



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Ctrl + b → Space    # Cycle layouts (even-horizontal → even-vertical → main-horizontal → ...)

4-6. Pane Shortcut Summary

Shortcut Description
Ctrl + b → % Vertical (left/right) split
Ctrl + b → " Horizontal (top/bottom) split
Ctrl + b → arrow key Move to adjacent pane
Ctrl + b → o Cycle to the next pane
Ctrl + b → ; Move to the previous pane
Ctrl + b → q Display pane numbers
Ctrl + b → q → number Move to pane by number
Ctrl + b → x Close the current pane
Ctrl + b → Space Cycle layouts
Ctrl + b → z Toggle full-screen for the current pane

[05] Window Management

If panes are screen splits, windows are the equivalent of browser tabs.

5-1. Window Shortcut Summary

Shortcut Description
Ctrl + b → c Create a new window
Ctrl + b → w View and switch window list
Ctrl + b → n Move to the next window
Ctrl + b → p Move to the previous window
Ctrl + b → number Move to the window with that number (0~9)
Ctrl + b → , Rename the current window
Ctrl + b → & Close the current window

[06] Scrolling (Copy Mode)

tmux does not scroll with the mouse wheel by default. You need to enter Copy Mode to scroll up and down.

6-1. Entering/Exiting Copy Mode



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Ctrl + b → [     # Enter Copy Mode (scrolling enabled)
q                # Exit Copy Mode (scrolling disabled)

:bulb: Once in Copy Mode, a scroll position indicator like [0/100] appears at the bottom of the terminal.

6-2. Navigation Shortcuts in Copy Mode

Shortcut Description
↑ / ↓ Move one line up/down
Page Up / Page Down Move one screen up/down
Ctrl + u / Ctrl + d Move half a screen up/down
g Jump to the top of the buffer
G Jump to the bottom of the buffer
q Exit Copy Mode

6-3. Enabling Mouse Scrolling (Optional)

To scroll with the mouse wheel without pressing Ctrl+b [ each time, add the following to ~/.tmux.conf:



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set -g mouse on

Apply the change:



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tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf

:bulb: With mouse mode on, you can also switch panes by clicking with the mouse.

[07] Full Shortcut Summary

Category Shortcut Description
Session Ctrl+b d Detach session
  Ctrl+b s Session list and switch
  Ctrl+b $ Rename session
Window Ctrl+b c Create a new window
  Ctrl+b w Window list
  Ctrl+b n / p Next / previous window
  Ctrl+b number Move to window by number
  Ctrl+b , Rename window
Pane Ctrl+b % Vertical split
  Ctrl+b " Horizontal split
  Ctrl+b arrow keys Move between panes
  Ctrl+b o Cycle next pane
  Ctrl+b q Display pane numbers
  Ctrl+b z Toggle pane full-screen
  Ctrl+b x Close current pane
  Ctrl+b Space Cycle layouts
Scroll Ctrl+b [ Enter Copy Mode (scrolling enabled)
  q Exit Copy Mode (scrolling disabled)
  Page Up / Down Move one screen at a time
Other Ctrl+b ? View full shortcut list
  Ctrl+b : Enter tmux command mode

참고